An electric bike, or eBike, is essentially a bicycle equipped with a small electric motor that assists riders in climbing hills and traveling farther, faster, and longer. These bikes come in various styles and are designed for different use cases, such as urban, trail, and off-road riding. A critical feature of eBikes is pedal assistance, which requires riders to pedal in order to gain assistance from the motor, distinguishing them from mopeds and electric scooters. eBikes are also referred to as “Pedelecs,” short for pedal-assisted electric bikes. Throttle-only vehicles are not considered eBikes and are more accurately classified as mopeds. Some eBike models are considered hybrids, designed for multiple riding conditions. Different types of eBikes include road, mountain, hybrid (touring/commuting), gravel, folding, and cargo bikes, with classifications ranging from 1 to 3.

eBikes are classified into three categories. Class 1 eBikes, or low-speed pedal-assist bikes, provide assistance up to 20 mph through multiple levels of motor assistance when pedaling. Class 1 eBikes can typically be ridden wherever traditional bikes are allowed, but there may be restrictions in some national and state parks.

Class 2 eBikes are equipped with throttles and provide assistance up to 20 mph.

Class 3 eBikes, also known as speed pedal-assist bikes, provide similar assistance to Class 1 but up to 28 mph. However, they may be prohibited from certain bike paths and mountain bike trails. For more information on eBike laws by state, a good resource is available at  https://www.peopleforbikes.org/electric-bikes/state-laws.

Pedal assist e-bikes require pedaling to engage the motor or drive system. In some systems, the assistance level is determined by the cyclist’s output, cadence, and speed, providing additional support up to the defined speed for Class 1 (20 mph) and 3 (28 mph). However, riders can still pedal and go faster using their own power. Any e-bike with power assistance exceeding 28 mph or 750 Watts is classified as a moped or motorcycle and is subject to additional laws and limited access. To learn about state-by-state regulations for e-bike access, registration, and licensing, check out People for Bikes’ state-by-state guide at https://www.peopleforbikes.org/electric-bikes/state-laws.

There are primarily two different motors; A mid-drive which has the motor between the pedals and is considered more efficient and effective for off road and hilly terrain. Manufacturers include Bosch, Shimano, Brose, Bafang and Yamaha. Hub-Drive motors typically have the drive system or motor on the rear hub and are lighter in weight, less expensive and effective on flatter terrain. Mahle Ebikemotion and Bafang are leaders in the Hub-Drive systems.

One must consider what type of terrain you will be traveling and your daily/weekly distance requirements. Next, what is your primary use case? Commuting, fitness, running errands, touring, riding mountain trails, shuttling kids to school, exploring your town, cargo or delivery? For a complete eBike checklist click here.

Benefits to eBikes include transportation economics, where eBike cost per mile is much less than the cost of a gas vehicle. Solid exercise, contributing to physical fitness and wellness, is intrinsically tied to eBike usage. Also, eBike usage is a non-carbon footprint notion, and their use contributes to society’s goals for a safer and cleaner environment.

eBikes are identified by a 3-class designation with pedal assisted speeds of 20 to 28 mph.

• Class 1 provides pedal assistance up to 20 mph and requires the rider to pedal.
• Class 2 provides direct throttle speeds of up to 20 mph and doesn’t require pedaling.
• Class 3 which provides pedal assisted speeds up to 28 mph throttle and the rider must pedal.

In all classes, an electric bike will go faster than these assisted levels by pedaling and/or going down hill.

Electric bikes may be used on off-road, trails, paved paths, mountains, gravel or for commercial delivery. Many manufacturers deliver a variety of eBikes styles that are engineered for each key use case. Some eBikes are versatile enough to satisfy multiple uses and are called hybrid. eBikes are increasingly being used as the “last mile” for delivery services.

There are many reasons to choose an eBike. They provide great outdoor fun and exercise. eBikes are economical and versatile, plus they are zero-emission. eBikes let you go further and enjoy longer rides with friends..

In 2020, Deloitte projected that global e-bike sales would reach 130 million between 2020 and 2023.. The study also showed that e-bikes would outnumber other e-vehicles by the end of 2020 because of their convenience, utility, and low cost. Another survey mentioned in the report found that 28% of e-bike buyers purchased them as a substitute for a car, rather than as an upgrade to a traditional bike.

Absolutely. Many studies and data support the effectiveness of a good workout from riding an eBike. Depending on the level of your effort and the pedal assist from the motor, you can even achieve a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) workout. Electric mountain bikes had an average heart rate of 94% that of traditional bikes.. You have control over your effort, calorie burn, and mileage, and can monitor them through your smartphone or the eBike device.

Several studies have highlighted the health and wellness benefits of eBikes. For example, a study from Portland University showed that eBike owners ride more frequently than standard bike owners. Another study found that eBike rides provide an output and calorie burn of 80 to 85% compared to a standard bike ride. A University of Illinois study showed eBike riders had better aerobic fitness, blood sugar control, and less body fat. These findings show eBikes are an effective exercise alternative..

EBikes may require higher maintenance costs compared to traditional bikes. The eventual discharge of batteries is a common maintenance concern, with replacement batteries costing between $300 and $800. You can discharge and recharge Lithium-ion batteries up to 500 times or more. At-home maintenance is necessary, but it contributes to a longer overall lifespan. Proper maintenance of components is critical for performance, bike lifespan, and rider safety.

The current standard for electric bike battery technology is Lithium-ion battery packs. The amount of energy stored in a battery is expressed in Watt-hours (Wh). To calculate the Watt-hours, you multiply the voltage by the Ampere-hours (Ah). For example, a battery with a voltage of 36V and a capacity of 10Ah will provide 360Wh of energy (10Ah x 36V = 360Wh).

Variables like battery/motor specs, terrain, rider weight, payload, and bike geometry affect the range of an eBike. eBikes can achieve a range of 30 to over 100 miles per charge. However, the average range for most eBikes is around 35-50 miles. Lithium battery technology has improved range. An extra battery can extend travel..

A 500-watt battery takes approximately 4 to 5 hours to recharge from a standard electrical outlet. Charging costs are typically less than 10 cents per kilowatt-hour (kWh) for a fully discharged battery. Comparatively, the cost of charging an eBike battery is significantly lower than that of operating a car.

Besides roads, you can ride Class 1 eBikes on bike paths and greenways and certain mountain bike trails. However, some areas restrict the use of Class 2 and 3 eBikes..

Legislation will continue to change. We recommend keeping updated on e-bike laws, research, news and industry by visiting our blog and People for Bikes website.

EBikes may require higher maintenance costs compared to traditional bikes. This is primarily due to eBike riders cycle longer and more frequently. The batteries in eBikes will eventually discharge, and replacement batteries can cost between $700 and $900. Lithium-ion batteries have a useful life of 500 or more discharges and recharges.

A 500-watt battery takes approximately 4.5 hours to recharge using a standard electrical outlet (120 volts). The average cost to fully charge a fully discharged battery is less than 10 cents per kilowatt-hour (kWh). Comparatively, the cost of a operating eBike is considerably less when compared to that of a car, with a ratio of over fifty to one.

EBike access varies depending on the location and regulations. In some areas, eBikes are equivalent to traditional bicycles and have the same access rights. However, in other situations, they may fall under the laws governing motorized vehicles.

Trail and off-road access for eBikes depends on local regulations. It’s important to note that Class 2 and Class 3 electric bikes may have more restrictions and might not have access to bike paths, mountain trails, or parks.

Class 1, 2 and 3 eBikes do not require licensing provided they do not exceed  28 mph. Authorities will treat an eBike exceeding 28 mph as a motorbike, requiring the rider to have a full license and comply with state laws.. 

Is insurance required for owning and riding an eBike? 

Insurance is a wise choice to safeguard your investment. Consult your home and auto insurance agent to learn more about eBike personal mobility insurance.

The age and licensing requirements for riding an eBike vary by state, locality, and the type of eBike being operated. Research your state’s age requirements for eBike riders.

Using a helmet is always advisable and is often a legal requirement. State regulations may vary, and the class of eBike being operated may dictate specific safety requirements. It’s crucial to prioritize rider safety by wearing a helmet.

Before going for a ride, it’s important to take several safety measures. Always wear a helmet, choosing a lightweight and effective one that suits your preference. Perform a simple ABC check before each ride: check tire air pressure, test the brakes, and inspect the chains and crank. Give your bike a thorough shake to ensure all components are secured tightly. Be visible by wearing reflective clothing. Follow traffic regulations and make your bike more noticeable with a bell, mirror, lights, and reflectors.